Frage an Ernst-Reinhard Beck von Eberhard B. bezüglich Außenpolitik und internationale Beziehungen

Sehr geehrter Herr Burlet,

ich danke Ihnen für Ihre Fragen zur deutschen Beteiligung am NATO-Einsatz "Active Fence" in der Türkei.

Aus der Bundeswehr heißt es dazu:

"Der Bürgerkrieg in Syrien bedroht auch Bevölkerung und Staatsgebiet der Türkei. Mehrfach wurden türkische Bürger durch Beschuss aus dem Nachbarland verletzt oder getötet. Außerdem verfügt das syrische Regime über Chemiewaffen und ein Arsenal an Trägersystemen. Mit ihrer Reichweite von circa 700 Kilometern könnten syrische Raketen einen großen Teil türkischen Territoriums erreichen. Deshalb hat die Türkei ihre Partner im NATO-Bündnis um Unterstützung gebeten.

Nach entsprechenden Konsultationen gemäß Artikel 4 des Nordatlantikvertrages beschloss die NATO daher am 4. Dezember 2012, Flugabwehrsysteme des Typs Patriot in die Türkei zu verlegen. Gemäß Artikel 5 des Nordatlantikvertrages können diese im Falle eines bewaffneten Angriffs auf die Türkei eingesetzt werden.

Die Bundesregierung stimmte einer deutschen Beteiligung am 6. Dezember zu, der Bundestag gab am 14. Dezember sein grünes Licht. Diese Maßnahme ist rein defensiv und dient nicht der Einrichtung einer Flugverbotszone über Syrien."

Die NATO stellt den Ablauf und die Verantwortlichkeit folgendermaßen dar:

June 2012, Ankara
A Turkish F4 reconnaissance jet is shot down by Syrian government forces. The bodies of the two pilots are recovered from the Mediterranean Sea in July.
26 June, Brussels
Following the shooting down of the Turkish jet, Turkey requests that NATO holds consultations (under Article 4 of its Treaty) of the security situation in the region. Following these talks, NATO’s North Atlantic Council states: ‘We consider this act to be unacceptable and condemn it in the strongest terms. It is another example of the Syrian authorities’ disregard for international norms, peace and security, and human life.’
03 October, Akcakale, Turkey
Five civilians - two women and three children - are killed by Syrian shells hitting the Turkish town of Akcakale. Turkey returns fire. Both countries ban each other´s planes from their air space.
NATO again holds consultations (under Article 4 of its Treaty) of the security situation in the region following a request from Turkey. Its North Atlantic Council states: ‘In view of the Syrian regime’s recent aggressive acts at NATO’s southeastern border, which are a flagrant breach of international law and a clear and present danger to the security of one of its Allies, the North Atlantic Council met today… and demands the immediate cessation of such aggressive acts against an Ally, and urges the Syrian regime to put an end to flagrant violations of international law.’
21 November, Brussels
The NATO Secretary General states that Turkey has made a request to NATO that the Alliance augment Turkey’s air defence capabilities to defend the population and territory of Turkey, to contribute to the de-escalation of the crisis along NATO’s south-eastern border and to show Alliance solidarity to Turkey.
28 November, Turkey
A NATO team visits Turkey to conduct a site survey, conducted in line with the possible locating of enhanced air defence facilities in the country.
04 December, Brussels
NATO’s North Atlantic Council authorises its Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) to liaise with Turkey and nations willing to contribute Patriot air defence systems to implement their purely defensive deployment, in line with NATO’s standing air defence plan.

21 December 2012, Brussels
NATO announces the decision to site Patriot batteries at Kahramanmaras, Adana and Gaziantep.
4-7 January 2013, Germany / Netherlands / Turkey / US
Advance contingents of Dutch, German and US personnel arrive in Turkey. Transport of equipment from Germany, the Netherlands and the US begins by sea and air.
20-21 January 2013, Incirlik Air Base, Turkey
Arrival by plane of the Dutch and German main contingents at Incirlik Air Base.
21-22 January 2013, Iskenderun, Turkey
Arrival of the Dutch and German ships carrying the bulk of the equipment at the port of Iskenderun.
26 January 2013, Adana, Turkey
The first Patriot battery, provided by the Netherlands, is declared operational and placed under the command and control of NATO.
28 January 2013, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
The Patriot batteries provided by Germany are declared operational and placed under the command and control of NATO.
5 February 2013, Gaziantep, Turkey
The first Patriot battery provided by the United States is declared operational and placed under the command and control of NATO.
15 February 2013, Gaziantep, Turkey
The final of six Patriot missile batteries deployed to Turkey is declared operational under NATO command and control.

Mit freundlichen Grüßen

Ernst-Reinhard Beck